BlockBeats News: On May 19th, Vitalik posted on the ethresear forum on how to expand the Ethereum main chain (Layer 1, L1) while reducing the difficulty of running local nodes (especially those run by individual users) to maintain decentralization and user privacy. The article proposes a multi-level strategy aimed at reducing the resource requirements for running Ethereum local nodes through short-term (EIP-4444, distributed storage, gas pricing adjustments), medium-term (stateless verification), and long-term (partially stateless nodes) measures. This not only helps with L1 expansion, but also maintains Ethereum's decentralization and user privacy, avoiding excessive reliance on centralized RPC providers or expensive encryption solutions. The article also proposes a new node model: Partially Stateless Nodes. This type of node verifies blocks through stateless verification and verifies the entire chain (through stateless verification or ZK-EVM), but only stores a portion of the state that the user is concerned about. Nodes can respond to RPC requests involving this part of the state, while other requests will fail (or be left to the user to choose whether to fallback to an external encryption solution).