[Cambridge Research Report Points Out Ethereum Nodes Are Highly Concentrated in the U.S. and Europe, Posing Centralization Risks]
According to The Block, a report released by the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance (CCAF) reveals that approximately 31% of Ethereum node activity is located in the United States, 39% is distributed across the European Union, and is highly concentrated among three major hosting providers: Hetzner, AWS, and OVH. If more than one-third of validators go offline, the network will cease final confirmations. The report estimates that Ethereum's annual energy consumption post-Merge is approximately 7.9 GWh, a reduction of about 99.98% compared to pre-Merge levels. Sustainable energy accounts for over 56%, and the cost to offset annual carbon emissions is estimated to range between $33,500 and $73,800.
