The US Treasury Department's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) analysis found that approximately $9 billion in shadow banking activities related to Iran will flow through US correspondent bank accounts in 2024, of which approximately $5 billion will come from foreign shell companies and approximately $4 billion will involve foreign oil companies suspected of being front office companies in Iran. Iran entered the US dollar system through intermediaries in the United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, Singapore, and other places, and used cryptocurrency to evade sanctions. According to Reuters, the scale of cryptocurrency activities involving Iran is estimated to reach $8 billion to $10 billion by 2025. The US government has included areas such as digital assets, gold, technology, aviation, and shipping in the scope of secondary sanctions against Iran.
