Bitquery found 96,231 text-encoded outputs disguised as Bitcoin addresses in the UTXO set, leaving about 3.2 BTC effectively stuck.
Unlike OP_RETURN data, which remains in block history but not the UTXO set, these fake-address outputs stay in the live database nodes use to track spendable coins.
https://cryptoslate.com/scan-reveals-96000-fake-address-outputs-clogging-bitcoins-unspent-database/